add_action("after_switch_theme", "mytheme_create_extra_table");
or
add_action("init", "mytheme_create_extra_table");
function mytheme_create_extra_table(){
global $wpdb;
require_once( ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php' );
$table_name = $wpdb->prefix . "translations"; //get the database table prefix to create my new table
$sql = "CREATE TABLE $table_name (
id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
identifier varchar(255) NOT NULL,
translation varchar(255) NOT NULL,
lang varchar(5) NOT NULL,
notes varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
KEY Index_2 (lang),
KEY Index_3 (identifier)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;";
dbDelta( $sql );
}